Different Forms of Fdi

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an investment that is made to acquire a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in an frugal other than that of the investor. In addition unlike direct investment (FDI) refers to colossal term participation by country A into country B. It usually involves participation in management, joint- danger, transfer of technology and know-how. FDI has many forms and theses can be categorized depending on the investors perspective and host countrys perspective.Investors perspective Controlling a foreign investment is much(prenominal) a big concern for an investor investing huge amounts of capital in a foreign market where it cannot be certain of success. The investor conducts to control his resources such as patents, trademarks, management know-how, which when transferred can be used to determine the conflict position of the original holder. Horizontal Vs Vertical FDI Horizontal FDI takes situation when a firm invests in the same industry as it ha s been operating in at home.This would be for compositors case a soft drink association in UK investing in Uganda in the making of soft drinks wish Pepsi. Vertical FDI is divided into Forward and Backward FDI. Forward Vertical takes place when a firm invests in facilities that will consume the output of the engender company in the home country. Different economic factors encourage secret FDIs. These include interest loans, tax breaks, grants, subsidies, and the removal of restrictions and limitations. This is usually done in search for markets .Usually the company invests in distribution and market facilities that swallow and market the products of the company in Uganda . Backward Vertical FDI is the kind of FDI where a company invests in facilities that provide inputs or raw materials to the p bent company. roughly FDIs in the less developing countries such as Uganda are slow investments. They provide inputs for the firms industry in foreign country. Typical examples are decline investments in the mining industry.Host country perspective Governments always enterprisingness to control FDI because they feel that national interests of the host country may not well be served by the decision of a foreign investor. For example the government of Uganda regulates the number of foreign staff that companies like MTN, Zain subscribe to to use up otherwise positions could be given to foreign employees. The concern of Government of Uganda would be to ensure investments create jobs for the local populace.The government might also need to control the level of profits repatriated or else it could cause a eff problem. Import substitution FDIs. these are companies that are established to produce goods that have been previously imported for example Bidcos oil for cooking. Export promotion FDI. These are established to enhance and promote exportation of products to the international market, Government initiated FDIs these are established by governments to spur econ omic growth and development for lesson the Tri-Star project between the government of Uganda and USAGreed-field investment establishing a in all new operation in a foreign country. The majority of investments is in the form of mergers &acquisitions Represents about 77%of all flows in developing countries and hold about 33%of all flows in less developing countries. few target firms. The preference for mergers &acquisitions is because it becomes quicker to execute. And foreign firms have valuable strategic assets which increase the efficiency FDIs inform of Joint venturesAn equity joint venture is established according to the Law on Joint Ventures Using Ugandan and Foreign Investment Both profits and risks are distributed between the foreign colleague and Ugandan partner according to the share of capital they land to the joint venture. Foreign contribution usually takes t form of machinery and equipment, technology, capital (in convertible currencies), industrial property right s, and managerial experience, and the Ugandan partner provides land, factory buildings and facilities, raw materials, and cash in local currency.A contractual joint venture, which involves no equity stake, does not necessarily conduce to the creation of a new legal entity. A third society can be appointed by the foreign partner and the Ugandan partner to manage the venture, or the foreign partner can leave alone the Ugandan partner to manage the venture. Profits and risks are distributed between the deuce partners not according to capital contribution, but predetermined by the ground and conditions laid down in the venture agreement

Mitch Epstein.A new history of photography Essay

Mitch EpsteinIntroduction Mitch Epstein acknowledged widely as heartyness of the most distinguished art photographers around the globe, however a whole survey of his art is tho to be published. Mitch Epstein, who is the color photography groundbreaker and has been making films, photographic books and alike pictures for around 35 years. From 1990s the Vietnam pictures set out the artists distinctive balance of nuanced wit and formal asperity and they are clear illustration of what detractor Joanna Lehan refers to Epsteins jaw-dropping color use. Epstein photographs in any case are a significant sign in Epsteins procession as a photographer, a link between Epsteins archaeozoic street tasty cook and also his huge format influence to appear (Moore et al, 2010). The pictures in the display are a lyrical odyssey during line war Vietnam. Photographs by Epstein depicts that under beauty there lies violence part under the war remnants is a society struggling with continued secu rity review and new freedoms. Mitch Epstein visited Vietnam where he made six trips there when the nation began curtain raising its borders around 1992 and 1995 to the outsiders following two decades of separation. He worked together on a book with radical Vietnamese novelist where he was able to get annoy to the nation that a small number of outsiders had. However, in 1995 Epstein learned that he would be requires to hand over his pictures to the government of Vietnam for censorship. Epstein ended the collaboration due to artistic freedom and his book was published by means of a text by the Vietnamese artist. Epstein photographs are up to now virtually hidden in the nation from which they surfaced, except through the intelligentsia that were trusty in smuggling in the book (Frizot, 1998). The exhibition enlightens an indispensable saddle in the career of Epstein. The method of the artist became more painterly and reckon in Vietnam. He revived and mastered the life which was at standstill. His sluggish, step by step formalist approach obviously resulted to 8x 10 view camera that he uses now. Vietnam also marked a new period whereby politics indirectly would, yet considerably have an effect on Epsteins artistic work. Epsteins next works all suggest a keen sense of communitys intrigues, honorable like the Vietnam photographs do. In Vietnam, Family business, American originator and The city, Epstein delicately depicts that power of a nation, a patriarch or a city leaves its mark on the public landscape and also in the private lives. In America also Epstein continued with his art of photography where he travelled across the whole nation, making the photographs not just of wind turbines, oil refineries and nuclear reactors, but also of solar ovens, electrical chairs and gas stations (Moore et al, 2010). New work being carried out by Epstein is a sequence of photographs of idiosyncratic trees inhabiting the New York City. These pictures depict the deduct ion of trees to the urban life and also their multifaceted relationship to their human correspondents. The cumulative significance of these photographs is to reverse the individuals usual perception concerning their city. In this envision the trees do not function as background any longer, and kind of control the architecture and human life around the world. Mitch Epsteins work has influenced many people across the globe and therefore making his artistic work significant to the history of photography (Epstein, 2005).ReferencesEpstein, M. (2005). Recreation American photographs 1973 1988 (1. ed.). Gottingen Steidl.Frizot, M. (1998). A new history of photography. Koln Konemann.Moore, K. D., Crump, J., & Rubinfien, L. (2010). Starburst color photography in America 1970-1980. Ostfildern Hatje Cantz.Source document

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay

Abstract In general, since mankind started supplanting activities, the study of variation has never ceased. Discussions about translation spend a penny set out so frequent that motley translation theories keep up been unioniseed stepwise in Chinese. In this paper, Habermass guess of communicatory accomplish reinterpreting the nonion of the reason of translation studies, and displacement reaction to indicate this special form of cross-cultural communication in how to potently interpret simile.Key lyric guess of communicative put to death fable comprehension translation 1. Introduction Translation is a metaphor of manner of speaking as the carrier of the cross-cultural communication activities, yet excessively a run-in that get out carry the message to an oppositewise wrangle to the inter subjectivity of communicative action. Inter subjectivity of communicative action for the research, after Germany modern philosopher Habermass conjecture of communicative act ion (Theory of talk Action) opened the door for people cutting window.The theory isswelling in different philosophical ideas and views to choose based on the creation of a complex, multifaceted rational alliance system, it unders similarlyd as the message dustup, based on critical theory of the financial community, general pragmatics, kind evolution theory as a unified frame upwork. 2. Under the theory of communicative action the image of translation studies to recognize 2. 1 Translation studies in the naked as a jaybird way AC Zhu act theory. Translation Studies from the traditionalistic structural linguals semantic act to stage, the development of transmission 90 to the 20th century deconstruction of the stage, after a lengthy process.semantic translation of the traditional paradigm by the impact of the classical theory of knowledge, that man is the soul, the judgement of the object is totally dependent on the adapters subjective feelings, emphasizing the translato rs reason and inspiration, idiom on spirit and Transformation, had gained the so-called flash in the pan. Be motility it is too a lot tenseness on the translators initiative to mystify this cross-cultural communication activities translate into a mystical practice. 80 years of the 20th century, structural linguistics in China set false a new upsurge in Translation Studies.People started to hold attention the text, try to use linguistic analysis methods instead of intuitive feeling that in the complicated hidden tooshie the linguistic communication of a universal and regularities, as long as it faecal matter control the typeface of all, making the translation into a simple mechanical operation, that is, the semantics of a betoken words are stored in the source language and regulations put a rule in the semantic substance of thought into the preparation of. Obviously, much(prenominal) a tool and went to the other extreme too much emphasis on language as the object of the role of law, then followed by the fierce criticism of the ideological trend.Deconstruction gives people a new way of thinking. It broke structure, deconstruction of the system so that the provisions of champion dollar to diversify the locating, the logical name translation from the language of Sri Lanka fetters doctrine, but still it will be translated once again into the irrational, too much publicity consciousness, so that interpretation becomes an infinite delay activity, the deduceing and exchanges in the midst of people seems to have become impossible. How to overcome this ideology of intolerance, effective language as medium of intercultural communication activities?I believe that the use of Habermass theory of communicative action, for the translation of research to find a new way of reason. 2. 2 Translation understands the concept of re-interpretation. A French translator said The translation is to understand and make people understand. Building apprehension is the cornerstone of translation is the first step in the process of translation, not a good taste of the translation step. When we think the theory of communicative action has opened a new translation of the windows, it is necessary to understand the concept of re-interpretation.Habermas believes that the language as a medium of social interaction, verbal communication to understand each other, or far from effective communication. communicatory action in the language, that language, the analysis thunder mug be regulated. Each spoken language acts and rehearsals have the effect the dual structure. Purposes of section as the briny story, in the communication socio-economic class mingled with the main body and vice instruction as fragmentize of statement, in the main circumscribe of the t satisfactory betwixt the layers.Part of the implementation of speech acts in a decisive role, be engender it limits the relationship between language and the get winder, but besides the me an of the Statute of the contents of the statement. The deuce structures in the speech act are interdependent. Sometimes conditions that are a part of which may be stressed, but it does not mean denying other part, but it only temporarily relegated to a lower-ranking position. For example, my retrieve battery died, the phrase, seemed to be merely stating the fact that mobile phone battery is dead, but in fact it implies a variety of behavioural significance ?because the battery died, so I just did not disperse up the phone ? I must go recharge ? I will not carry a cell phone and with PHS, the PHS roughthing enchant call me. This is the hidden part of the implementation of, According to the specific situation it would serve the purposes of this or that effect. Searle that the idea of the authentic speaker system, or inbred intentionality is born-again to spoken language, statements, signs, symbols, etc. , these words, statements, signs, symbols meaningful to speak out if they have a From the speakers thoughts in the derived intentionality.They not only have the traditional linguistic sense, but also with the intention of the speakers meaning. This is undoubtedly the words of Habermas and similar to the dual structure theory. Accordingly on the significance of fellow feeling is also necessary to double the corresponding division. Understand a word should be divided into devil to look at the presentation layer is the known what on the numeral, and in the communication layer is the know-how of the problem.Know -what is the statement that those who understand how to reach such(prenominal) a clear knowledge and reason that it can acquire the knowledge from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him to be able to understand semantics, syntax, rules, line up the words, statements, mark the symbol what constitutes the meaning. know how is the statement that those who have the ability to construct or implement the ability of this speech act is a n implicit awareness of the rules from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him who can understand the speech of this implicit awareness of the rules.In this dual understanding, understanding of the content of verbal expression is an understanding (know-what), but to those who truly grasp the midland speech must enter double intentionality level understanding (know-how), that is part of the implementation of the understanding. Therefore, understanding can not be stuck in the form of a priori judgments must be reached in the communication process. to understand the name and address is to guide a recognition that the sharing of knowledge, trust each other, the both international interdependence consistent with the subjective.It not only includes the traditional understanding of linguistic expressions, but also in connection with each other that the normative discourse related to the correctness of the background, and between the two main some kind of coordination , and t he two participants in the process of communication is something the globe to reach understanding, and the intention to make himself understood each other. 3. Metaphors Habermass theory of communicative action on the construction of translation studies methodology has the big guidance of translation practice is also instructive significance? descry of the Newmark said, metaphor translation is a microcosm of all the language translation, because translation to the translation of metaphor methods were showing a wide range of choices either ship its meaning, or reshape its image, or a modification of their, or their meaning and image of the perfect combination. The following instructions will use the metaphor theory of communicative action in cross-cultural communication The rendition of. Metaphor is a phenomenon of language use in the Dictionary not found in metaphor. Metaphor from the modern nous of view of scientific discipline should be in the form of metaphor with the except ion, belong to different categories in the semantics, logic dislocation, resulting in a semantic conflict, and when the listeners have responded to the conflict, it generates a metaphoric sense, that is a metaphor to understand the words. For the metaphor of the operating mechanism, it was actually make such a description Metaphor involves two different areas (areas) concept the takings of metaphorical meaning is the result of the interaction between the two concepts.This interaction by use the way in the mapping process, be to a related concept and structure of the field was transferred to another area, the last after the formation of a new synthesis of conceptual structure, that is, metaphorically. And this mapping and integration process is based on two areas of similarity in some respects. This is no doubt that the understanding of the need to double by metaphor. The process of understanding metaphors consist of two parts the identification and metaphorical meaning metaphor s inference. In fact this is a secondary level of understanding into the process of understanding.Give an example of people often referred to The spitting is a call forth , from the presentation layer of understanding (an understanding), spitting by the American Heritage Dictionary defines this way the fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in well-nigh vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing, and swallowing, and, in military personnel beings,, all important(predicate) organ of speech . We can say that the tongue is an important organ as the human body, the first and most vertebrates have the same taste and chew and auxiliary swallowing function, in addition to, or who have speech capabilities important language organ.to the basic meaning of the center, tongue throne the formation of the word meaning a large collection it can mean something shaped like a tongue, such as tongue of flame (flame), guiding tongue (rail-oriente d switch rail), switch tong (switch to copper), can also refer to human speech acts and speech capabilities, for example, hold ones tongue (keep silent), lose ones tongue (lose the capacity to speak, as from shock).The other key words in the speech act of crowd out, in the American Heritage Dictionary can be found in the following definition a rapid, persistent chemical change that releases mania and light and is accompanied not flame.the same , the meaning behind it can be found in the collection, such as, cooking fire (cooking fire), forest fire (forest fire), wild fire (wildfires), the fire of cannon fire), and other specific forms of the fire. You can also find other meaning, such as the boy is full of fire (which decided the boy is very ardent and excited), He was on fire for mismanagement (because of poor management and blamed). When the tongue and the fire both carry the meaning of their huge collection of words is embedded in the basic language of A is B frame (sentence) to go when the logical relationship between the two on the bankers acceptance of is, to interact. Is used to denote a equivalents. it literally, or change a point of view, the presentation layer from the listeners understanding of the term should be reasoning as follows the tongue is a fire . is meaning that the two sets is in some ways equivalent. However, we are both from the above understanding of the meaning of the word of view, they clearly belong to two different categories, among them with a is connected, the the equivalent of conventional logic does not work, so from the presentation layer, we can identify this is a metaphor, thus completing the first part of understanding metaphors.When the listener is clear that to use metaphorical language behavior, the expressed will of the true meaning of metaphors to infer, that understanding will enter the second stage of course, understand the purposes of this part of speech acts, understanding the original speakers thoughts, or in ner intention. Can be assumed that if The tongue is a fire is said to give an artist is accused by the media to listen to, then the speaker or may contain a appealing glance report of intention. Artists are always much media attention, due to For various reasons, may be one-sided media, the exaggerated reports of certain facts, and spread such a report will be turned into a stumbling countersign and rumors, they will more or less to the artist himself or his cause to bring a number of trouble.The context is the equivalent of the tongue and the fire provides a logical possibility the tongue the language of human organs the words of the act media coverage people reported adverse reactions (Wei news program and rumors) to the artists themselves or their cause trouble (damage to reputation or hinder the cause of development), the fire will shine the chemical substances excessive light and vex of fire, destroying things, or raze result in death, so that both the expiry of th e found a similar function, logical reasoning tenable.The tongue is a fire means a variety of popular artists and no paucity of opinions and statements in the news or rumors coffee, they may attack their personality, or even because of their presence, the company lifted the employment relationship, or no one would make bold ask this artistes. So we have reason to infer that the speaker is the issue of Renyankewei sigh, or cautioned entertainers say and pay attention to their own to avoid find by the media hype after which her career. At this point, the listener to complete the original speech act of an effective understanding, guiding the listener and the speaker of some sort of recognition.Complete understanding of metaphor, must be made through and through an understanding (understanding of the content of verbal expression) to reach two to understand (the intrinsic intentionality of the speech understanding of those). In the same language system is the case, between systems in different languages should be so, because only then can an effective cross-cultural exchanges. How should we operate on the self-evident metaphor translation, or the saving of the source language metaphor, or metaphor replaces the grade language, or to have the target languagedominance feasibility, as long as it helps the contributor to complete the intention of listening comprehension.3. 1 Preservation of the source language metaphor. When the Metaphor and figurative language and translation in the source entirely or substantially the same language, the metaphor for the body of the source language, target language readers will have to listen to listen to readers of the source language similar to the psychological Lenovo, and complete understanding of similar intent, target language are advised to preserve the source language metaphor.such as Links to Research (1) He is the only foxes. English fox, fox and Chinese refer to the same animal, when it was used as that person when t hey contain craft in Italy, even listen to the reader and writer, said in a different language systems and cultural background, it can effectively understand the implementation of the partial speech act be careful of this man, he is cunning. another(prenominal) example (2) think storage tank think tankThink tank in the Chinese culture does not exist in, but the depository library in Chinese culture, store things in the middle, so even though the people in Chinese culture has not been recognized with the library to describe the characteristics of thought The collection, but this library of knowledge to guide on English culture think tank , the identity, so library This vehicle can save down.After all, this cross-cultural communication, we can not underestimation the listen to the readers understanding, not to deprive them of their understanding of rights. In the translation process, in order to achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication, and sometimes need to work to pr eserve the source language metaphor, that metaphor at the same time preserve the source language to make the catch explanation.Such as (3) What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop? Here is the vulnerable place, the heel of Achilles, for capitalistic production. (Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844) If the complete extremity of growth in annual production, what the situation is going to do? analogous Achilles heel, as this will be the Achilles heel of capitalist production.

Miss Essay

1. Be fitted to address the range of parley requirement in own char arrangeer1.1 Review the range of meetings and individuals whose converse unavoidably must be sophisticate to in own business concern role. Working at bottom Surestart I charm with m e rattling(prenominal) groups and individuals whose parley haves must be addressed which overwhelm 16 supply segments, function givers to date we rent 1700 families registered with Surestart. We would stick come to the fore a lot of communication with Health examineors regarding referrals that they take for move in and as well follow up telephone c entirelys if at that place is each concerns with the family. I would in addition have tinge with kindly service and be asked to attend topic refreshen contacts. I would too be expected to communicate with a nonher(prenominal) agencies to refer our service users on the appropriate agencies for slip some other children centres, counsellors, womens Aid and Hi dden Harm affable actor,1.2 Explain how to accompaniment utile communication within own job role Effective communication and interaction play a actu all in ally authorised role in the lap up of e reallybody that works within Surestart. I flavour that how I confirm utile communication is by s angry a in effect(p) example to stave. With communication been so of import for the day to day running of the centre, from each one stave member would be asked to write in the journal in the main means so state place eff where they argon (this is for the save guarding of ply if they atomic number 18 out(a) of the seat, lone worker policy) thither is a equal a white board in the main office so when staff atomic number 18 in programmes other staff are aware of this and that the parents/baby room are booked. I would excessively support communication by attending staff shock ever game week and staff are told that they must attend once a calendar month. There is also an open door policy as sometimes in that respect is nurture that staff do non want to sell in a team impact as on that point peradventure difficulties within the team and they would like to character selective entropy on a one to one basic.1.3 Analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role The barriers and challenges that I would face is staff working part time,staff out doing programme and also may be difficult aroma between staff members. The other barriers and challenges that I would face is staff do not take on board what you are saying to them as they discover they are right so they do not raze listen to what you are trying to explain. Some people may disrupt you up revile on the development you are trying to stand by across.1.4 Implement a strategy to overcome communication barriers Make legitimate I speak rattling(prenominal) clear, focus on what selective discipline I would like them to take on board. Supervision on a periodical basi s, open door policy if e genuinelyone has a problem they raft give tongue to about it. Staff potful ring and confide emails at whatsoever time. The childcare supervisor meets with the childcare team ein truth morning to accept certain that all crches have enough staff and if they have each concerns regarding the children. There is also a referral meeting once a week where we discuss the referral that wellness visitor/social workers have orchestrate in and also to discuss and concerns we would have regarding the parents. I also vent rely slips to social worker / health visitor to let them know if a home visit has been completed or if we have been unavailing to contact the family.1.5 expenditure contrary means of communication to meet different needs I am aware that each staff member has different learning styles, some staff like manduction in manakination in a group and other staff like to get by info in a one to one. It is also precise important for me to take t his on board as I do not want each member of the team olfactory sensationing frustrated and in impelling. I want staff to be able to perpetrate me and let them assimilate that I value the work that they do. The different means of communication I use to meet different needs are. Emails are a in truth useful means of communication as each staff members gets the information at the same time and not second hand. Emails fundament be direct at any time and also printed out to shoot down or record information that has been sent or authorized. Team meeting again are a very good as all staff are getting the same information and this is a mincing way for other staff to meet and let everyone else know how things are dismissal and if anyone is finding a family or child difficult consequently there is the support of the whole team for ideas of how to handle a situation. If anyone cannot urinate it therefore the team minutes are there to read. Telephone if I am not in the office I can distillery be reached on my mobile if anyone needs anything.Health visitor/Social worker would also contact me by telephone if they demand an update on a family. Staff diary in the main office this lets staff members know who is in which room and if anyone is on leave or sick or if someone has an appointment. Sign in and out carpenters plane beside the exit door this is for sentry duty reasons as if there was a elevate in the building hence I would know who is in and out Reply slips are bet on to the health visitors/social worker as an update for the referral they have send in. Letters to parents this is to invite them along to programmes/ unconstipatedts. Thought-out the stratum I would facilitate information mornings for breast victuals support, weaning work shop and feeding for under 5s this would be to share information to grateful new service users to the Surestart. Face to face, my office is open to all staff at any time if they need to talk about anything.CU2941 Use and arise systems that advance communication2. Be able to improve communication systems and practise support unequivocal outcomes for individuals2.1 Monitor the forcefulness of communication systems and trusts. The diary in the front office if very effective for staff on home visit as we know where there are for their safety (lone worker policy). white board in the main office is very effective as this is where all staff write down their programmes so if there is any phone calls for staff the secretary knows if they are in the office or in programmes. Emails can be sent at any time and it means that the same information is been told to the staff at the same time and it is also the staffs responsible to pick up their emails. The childcare supervisor meets with the childcare staff each morning I get that this is very effective as this is in place to make sure that all rooms are covered with their ratio, and more or less importantly that the needs of the children are met and if there is any problem in any of the fit it can be addressed as needed and that staff do not have to wait 2 weeks for a team meeting to discuss. One to one communication i.e. Supervision and APR, I feel that this is very important within a setting. N-Drive this is where documents can be saved and all staff can access it. In our office wehave a policy of hot desking so documents can accessed at any computer. This is also for Surestart forms and newsletters so all staff can print them out as needed. Reply slips to health visitors/social worker/other agencies this is where I tell to any referral letter that the project receives, I would reply to the other agencies if this family had received a home visit and services offered, if I was ineffectual to contact the family for different reasons or if the family did not want to avail of Surestart services. environ if I cannot be reached at any time and so a marrow can be left for me to return there call.2.2 Evaluate the effectivene ss of existing communication systems and practice Evaluating the effectiveness of existing communication systems and practice I am personnel casualty to start with the ones I feels are the most effective. One to One Communication I feel that this works very well within a team as some staff members do not like to speak in front of other and feel that their ideas might not be good enough. I also feel that face to face communication is very effective as some people can pick up a pith wrong and take the wrong tone with an email. Supervision this is there for staff to talk confidently with their manger I feel that this is very effective means of communication for the manger to tell how well things are tone ending for that member of staff and for the staff member to say how they really feel about how things are going. ( I also feel that you have to have a good relationship with your staff for this to work, you have to be relaxed and lucky and staff members also have to trust you). S upervision is also very effective as this give staff clear boundaries of what is expected of them for the month a head and also make sure they are on target to achieve the targets in their APR. Team meetings I also come back this is effective as this can let everybody know how programmes are going if there is any follows to do with families in any of the programmes. If anyone is having any difficulties if any of the programmes is nice to get other ideas how to deal with it. It is also there for sharing information for the Surestart board and action for children. To let staff know what reproduction is coming up. ARP- I have been working in a Surestart setting for the last 11 years, I feel that this is the first year I have felt that an APR has been effective like the rest of communication systems if it is not do right then it will notbe effective. APR is there to set goal and targets for the year ahead, I feel this is very important for staff as they know what is expected of them for the year ahead and then this is monitored at each supervision to make sure that staff in on track with their targets. Childcare meeting every morning I feel that this is very effective as each member of the childcare team no where they are each day and who is covering in each setting and also if any member of the childcare team is concerned about a child this is discussed each morning. Emails- I feel has pro and con. It is very effective in a way that emails can be sent at any time and is very good for all staff to receive the information at the same time. I also feels that staff can pick the tone of emails up wrong and some information is best said face to face. Reply letter to health visitors/social workers/other agencies I feel that this is a very effective The diary in the front office This is effective if everyone plays there part in filling it in. If someone is on breeding or off on A/L and forgets to fill it in then it is very grave for other staff to know where the y are. N-Drive This is effective as all the Surestart form and standard letters are on it as well as newsletters. It is also that as this is used while hot desking it means that the documents that are placed on this drive can be accessed by the whole team so if I was saving any confidential information I would also password protect it.Phone I do feel that this is effective as if I am not available by phone or mobile then a message can also be left.2.3 aim progresss to communication systems and practices to address any short comings I feel that communication can always be improved as we are only human existences and staff do forget to pass on messages, response to emails, and even fill in the diary in the main office. I have proposed that each desk has message pad so that all messages have to pen down. I have proposed that the main diary is to be brought to the team meeting so that if anyone has any leave booked, any visits arranged or training then this can go into the diary. I would also remind everybody at team meeting about remembering to fill in the diary I have also propose that the reply slips to the health visitors/social workers be changed as I feel it could be improved.2.4 Lead the murder of revised communication system and practicesCU 2941Use and develop systems that promote communication3. Be able to improve communication systems to promote confederacy working3.1 Use communication systems to promote union working The systems that we use to promote partnership working isOne to one communications I meet with the health visitor for breastfeeding once a week. Also any of the health visitors are welcome to call in at any time. Some health visitors like to bring parents that are hard to lock up into the centre to meet me to show them around the building and meet the staff. I would also have contact face to face with our families on a daily basis through programmes and also adaptions. Phone call health visitors/social services and other agenci es would phone for update and regarding case review meetings. Families would also phone on a daily basis if they needed help with anything or information. Post we post letters to the agencies if we are unable to reach the families or if they no longer wish to be complex with the service. I would also post letters and newsletter to families. Emails some agencies like to send email as it is a faster way for them and this is ok with me as long as it is recorded. Referral reply this is a letter swig and signed by Surestart parents that we have permission to send it back to the health visitors to say we have been in contact and the Surestart services have been offered. tuition events this is different events for Surestart to promote their services.3.2 Compare the effectiveness of different communications systems for partnership working I feel within waterside Surestart the systems we use are very effective. One to one communication I feel is very effective as this can reassure ser vice users and colleagues and also extracurricular agencies, you can focus on the goal. I can be supportive and positive to all that need it. I can also assess the services users needs and provide them with the supportneeded and I also feel that this builds trust and relationships. Phone call I feel that this is a very effective way of communicating as some health visitor/social worker/other agencies need an update ASAP as they may be on their way to a review meeting. all(prenominal) if a member of staff is not on the office this is a good way of communicating. As my role as family support worker I be in contact with families every day on the phone, may it be they have a question or I am inviting the families to programmes or arranging home visits. Emails This is a very effective way that I communicate in Surestart, supervision notes to be sent 3 says before supervision, team meeting are to be sent and read before the meeting. Agencies are able to send emails / newsletters.Refer ral Response I feel that this is a very effective way that Surestart communicate. This is send to health visitors/social workers who send in a referral this is to show the agencies that we have do contact with that family or that we have tried to contact the family and after 4 weeks we are unable to reach them. Information events I feel that this is not really effective as we work on catchment areas and this is very hard to have an event in a general area, it has to be within the area, as we do not like to turn people onward that may be interested in the service, as when agencies send in referrals they have a list of streets that is inside the catchment area and only if there is a need then they can be outside the area. 3.3 Propose to improvements to communications systems for partnership working I do believe that communication within waterside Surestart has got a lot better in the last year, I feel that this has a great deal to do with our new manager, she has gained the trust and respect of the staff and in return it is a pleasure to work with. I feel that I have a great drawing card to follow and learn a great deal from. The only improvement that could be made is that a leaflet could be drawn up for families that are outside the catchment area so that they leave with something rather than going away with no information (this is in the process on being done). I am also assisting the upgrade of the referral response form so that families sign this form so that we have permission to hold their information and that we are allow to send the form back to the referrer.CU2941Use and develop systems that promote communications4. Be able to use systems for effective information management4.1 Explain sub judice and ethical tensions between maintaining confidentiality and sharing information Working with in a Surestart setting for the last 11 years, I know that confidentiality is very important. Its important for agencies and services users to build a trusting rel ationship with me. I am very honest with the people I work with, when I am completing a registration form with parents I do tell them that their details will carry on in a locked filing cabinet for 7 years, that there information is stored on a entropybase password protected until there child/ren turn 4. I also let the parents know that under the data security system act they are able to see their file at any time. Parents also sign a form that we are able to share information with the health visitor and other agencies involved if we have any concerns regarding the child or parents. When I have taking programmes with parents I also start with group rules. Confidentiality always comes up, I always tell parents that whatsoever is discussed at the group I do not take it outside of the group, I can only speak for myself but that I would expect that everyone would stand by this too. I also always make it very clear to parents that if anything is discussed or bring out any informati on regarding harm or danger or abuse to a child/ren then I will past this information on to my manger and the appropriate authorises. (Childrens order 1995, child safety is paramount) I feel that if I am honest with all the people that I work with then I do believe that you build up a trust and that by law I have to report and record all that is disclose to me, although I did have a parent in the past that did not understand this, they felt that I was just reporting them to social services and she believed that social services where there to take her child away. This lady did not return to Surestart as what she disclosed I had to discuss with my manger.4.2 Analyse the necessity features of information sharing agreements within and between organisationsUnder the data security measures act 1998, the purpose of the act is to protect the rights and privacy of individuals and to ensure that data about them are not refined without their knowledge and are processed with their accept wh enever possible, this act covers personal data held in electronic formats, manual data and relevant filing systems. Surestart has devised a form that has recently been updated by my colleagues and myself, this form is where we get service users to sign that they agree Surestart is able to salvage their details in a secure place for up to septenary years, and that if we had any concerns regarding the child that we would contact the appropriate service also that if there is a social worker involved that we are able to update them on any programmes they attend for case review meetings. Health visitors would send in referral form with parents consent, what happens is we then phone that family and do a home visit and in that visit we fill out the Surestart forms with the families details on it, the consent for is then signed and sent back to the health visitor to say we have completed a visit this is what programmes they would like to attend, I would also send back a form to the heath visitor if that family did not wish to avail of Surestart services or that I could not reach them. These forms are kept with the registration and filed in a locked cabinet. When I am facilitating a programme within Surestart I always do group rules, parents can put what they like on it, confidentially always comes up, I just remind parents that what happens in the group will stay in the group with me, but I can only speak for myself and not the rest of the group and I do tell them that It would not be nice to hear anyone talking severe about another parent. I do inform the parents that if there anything disclosed within the group that has caused abuse of harm to a child them I am bound by action for children policies and procedures and under the children order act 1995 to past this information on to my manger and the appropriate services, I do tell the parents that I would discuss this with them before I reported what I have heard.4.3 Demonstrate use of information management syste ms that meet legal and ethical requirement Under the data protection act 1998 Surestart need permission to hold data on the families that I work with, how this is doneis that all parents have to sign the registration form and also the consent for their details to be stored according to action for children policies and procedures, which is that their details are stored for up to seven years, in a locked filing cabinet and up to quadruplet years on the Surestart database.Under the childrens order 1995 I am bound to report anything that I have heard or seen that my or has caused harm to a child. This would also be discussed with the parent/s what information I would be passing on to my manger. This also gives the parent an prospect to explain. The information my lead to a referral been made to social services.

Head Ski Case Essay

1. The best indicators to rate whether chief locomote had the competitive advantage in the locomote industry would be to calculate at profit ratios and compare them to competitors, which will allow us to assess whether notch locomote has above average profits. The best ratios to look at are return on assets, return on gross revenue as compared to other travel companies that sell high-priced goes, and return on equity, combine with numbers that show how much Head Ski is financed by debt. flavor at net margin as compared to competitors would also be useful. If they declare the highest net margin as compared to competitors, than they have the most competitive advantage.2. Head Ski successfully matched customers demand for high quality metal locomote for which consumers were volition to contribute premium (as reflected by industry trends), with Head Ski capacity to create differentiation by producing ski with superior features and quality. The skies were interchange prima rily by experient force retailer in the ski specialty shops, which reflected growing customer preference to buy skies in ski specialty shops.Head ski used differentiation strategy by using strategy focused on superior overlap quality, and charge on exceptional service, and prestigious high-quality image. Head Ski created a new(a) metal ski almost 5 years before the display of next competitive overlap, by deploying its superior R&D and creating skies that were radically different in design than anything before. Head skies had unique product features (durable and enormous lasting, reliable did not break, and unique performance (turning, tracking, traversing), which were superior to other products and for which customers were willing to pay more than, costly to imitate (Head ski close ind several considerable upgrades to the product line over the years and did not hesitate to recall wrong product), and nonionised to be exploited (VRIO).Despite the difficulty of organizing complex ski manufacturing process, Head ski developed many processes from scratch, bettered them, and deployed manufacturing cost efficiencies when possible (laminating press). It enforced effective compensation reward system that consisted ofraises based on seniority, deserve reviews and profit sharing plan. As a result, attempts to unionize Head ski plant have been consistently rejected.Quality in service Head ski was known for exceptional service thorough its ski star organizations and regarded them be the most valuable asset. 85% of Head skis were sold done carefully elect high quality ski specialty shops, where sales staff was highly knowledgeable. Dealers were expected to service Head skies, and for more citywide repairs, skies were sent back to the Head ski factory, where skies were repaired under 3 weeks. This aim of after-sale service was superior to competition, unique to Head ski, customers time valued it, and were willing to pay more for it. It was organized to be exploited but not genuinely costly to imitate, as others could set up similar service (VRO). geological formation perceptions through marketing(Superior to competition) 85% of Head skies were sold through carefully chosen high quality ski shops, with experienced and knowledgeable sales staff, as part of marketing strategy. This strategy helped to shape the perceptions of Head ski organism superior in quality and the choice ski for knowledgeable and experienced skiers. This reflected customer needs as ski sales through specialty outlets stores grew faster than through other stores. In addition, Head ski naturalized itself as an important factor in ski racing world, as one third of top ten places on all ski racing events were on Head skies), thus adding legitimacy to the product and adding to the value of its brand. Moreover, customers were able to test the product before purchasing it, by contract skies.Ski rental strategy was the most effective way to introduce new customers to the ease if Head ski. This integrated soft-sale approach that relied on word of mouth marketing was unique to Head ski, valuable to the customer, costly to imitate as it required integration of complex relationships, and well organized to be exploited (VRIO). 3. The uniqueness of Head ski has a sustainable competitive advantage can be sustained. Head Ski understands its customers requirements and preferences and creates a unique product that customers value and are willing to pay more for.Sources of Head Ski competitive advantage are sustainable, secure to replicate, and hard and costly to imitate. Head ski had a long history of socialization focused on quality and attention to detail that grew out if its entrepreneurial history. It is difficult to imitate such distinctive, integrated strategy that involves service, dealer relations, product quality, style, advertising. Attempts to imitate Head ski strategy would likely bankrupt because of the difficulty of replicating every aspe ct of the strategy, followed by integrating them in the ripe way.

Analyse the effects of domestic and global free trade Essay

Analyse the set up of municipal and spherical free eitherot and protective covering policies on the Australian thriftiness Free swap is the unrestricted purchase and sale of goods and run between countries without the imposition of surety such as tariffs and quotas. This enables economies to focus on their core rivalrous advantage(s), at that placeby maximizing economic output and upbringing income issue for their citizens. Australian exports rose from $66.6 billion in 1990-91 to $300.4 billion in 2012-13, with an average growth in export volumes of 4.6 per cent per annum since 1990-91. This is reflective of Australias proactive actions to phase out guard since the 1970s. The major effects of domestic and global free duty and protection policies on the Australian sparing are geomorphologic change, combat and efficiency, unemployment, living standards and economic growth.A transmit to trade liberalisation since the 1970s in Australia has drastically changed the co nstruction of the saving. structural change involves changes in the patterns of production that reflect changes in technology, consumer demand, global competitiveness and other factors. Protection polices affect the natural change in the structure of an economy, often leading to a diminish in globally competitive industries. In 2011-12 Australias net tariff assistance was $1.1 billion, a in truth small percentage of GDP (less than 0.1%). Tariff levels in Australia have locomote from a massive 36% in 1968-9 to 1.8% in 2011, thus illustrating wherefore Australia is one of the most open economies in the world. However, this has caused both positive and prohibit effects the positive beingness that Australian industries have become much competitive and efficient as they are forced to focus on their comparative advantage the negative is that heavily protected industries have suffered decline and job losses.Australias rural and manufacturing industries have suffered sustained negat ive growth over the past decade due to a reduction in domestic protection policies. On the contrary, the minerals and metals industry has grown significantly over this period. The removal of protectionism can jeopardise employment, especially in import competing industries and low-skilled lug industries. For example, Toyota and Holden exit close their manufacturing operations partly due to tariffs on merchandise cars being reduced from a previous 50% to 5% in 2010, ending Australias car manufacturing sector by 2017. However, removing protectionism should lead to novel employment opportunities and up-skilling ofthe peeforce into new and emerging growth sectors such as Biotech and Green Engineering industries etc.Australias composition of exports was relatively partake in 1989-90 with 33% being minerals and metals, rural 23%, services 20% and manufacturing 13%. As of 2012-13, minerals and metals dominated Australias composition of exports at 57%, whilst rural exports dropped to 12%, with a general decline in others. This non only shows the large impact of the mining boom on the Australias composition of exports, but also how a move to free trade has influenced the structure of the economy, especially agriculture and manufacturing. Globalisation has been both a profit and a hindrance as regional trade blocs and other reasons work on a most favoured nation principle, making export-competing industries suffer all around the world in small economies, and limiting the forwarding of global free trade.Because Australia has a high level of verdant trade (12% of entirety exports), and is a relatively small economy, they suffer disadvantages as a gist of protectionist policies of other nations and trading blocs. One of the most infamous trading blocs in relation to agriculture is the European Union. The EU for several decades has subsidised agricultural production through the Common inelegant Policy. Additionally, farmers receive significant subsidies in ot her theatre of operationss of the world, such as the US, Japan, Korea and Switzerland. In 2012, the Australian Bureau of Agricultural Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) estimated that the removal of China and Koreas wine tariffs would accession the export revenue of the Australian wine industry by $47 million.Unfortunately, in that location has been poor progress in reducing agricultural protection in recent years. In fact, if global trade liberalisation was achieved by the WTOs Doha Round, it could have boosted Australias agricultural exports by US$9 billion by 2020 thus displaying how highly protectionist economies and trade blocs adversely affect the Australian economy.Since Australias first free trade agreement (FTA) with New Zealand in 1983, Bilateral and Multilateral FTAs have been a great advantage and focus in securing economic prosperity for Australia. Australias two-way trade in goods and services was A$616 bn in 2012. Australia has septenary FTAs currently in for ce with New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, US, Chile, ASEAN (with NewZealand) and Malaysia. Together, these countries account for 28% of Australias total trade, which displays the great benefit of bilateral FTAs to the Australian economy. Additionally, there are four bilateral FTA negotiations currently in place, two of which are substantial trading partners China, being Australias largest export market (A$78.7 bn) and Japan, being Australias second largest export market (A$49.8 bn).The Japanese Free manage Agreement has been negotiated, and will be a great benefit to the Australian economy, especially the agricultural sector, for example tariffs on beef and dairy exports will be reduced from 38% to 23.5% over 20 years. Australias of import multilateral agreement is the AANZFTA which came into effect in 2010, and covers 20% of Australias trade in goods and services and effectively creates a free trade area of over 600 million people. This agreement is forecast to boost the Australi an economy by US$19 bn during the decade following its implementation in 2010. These examples of Australias FTAs show the positive effects of global free trade on the Australian economy. As Australia continually lowers protection levels and trade barriers, there will be both positive and negative effects, leading to a long term decrease in the current account fiddlingfall. When protection is lowered, there will be a short term sum up in the CAD, as tariffs and quotas will be waived leading to higher export volumes. However, since less protection leads to a more competitive economy, the CAD will decrease in the longer term as exports will more often than not increase.The governments reluctance to lower trade barriers up until the 1970-80s is arguably the reason for Australias lower competiveness and higher CAD, being a deficit of $23 bn in 2012, and $10 bn in the fourth quarter of 2013. Australias growth in exports reached 6% in 2012, double the average order over the last 10 yea rs. However, this has not contributed to any decrease in the CAD, as export prices declined by 10.2%, and Australias terms of trade decreased by 10.7% mainly due to the slowing of the mining boom. As protection levels reduce, hopefully the competitiveness of the Australian economy picks up during this period of structural change, leading to a long term decrease in the CAD. The effects of domestic and global free trade, although mostly negative in the short term, will increase Australias competitiveness and benefit the Australian economy in the long term. Unfortunately, many regional and unilateral protection polices windlessness remain in place, disadvantaging theeconomy in many ways, and limiting the advancement of global free trade.

Social Work Law

This appellation involves a case naturalise where Ralph, a fourteen year sure- generous(a) boy, is currently in foster c atomic number 18 because his m some other Kerry, felt she was uneffective to control him due to his behaviour. However, Kerry has now expressed that she is unhappy with this foster stance and has requested that her son be returned to live with her and his two younger brothers. The scenario becomes more than complex owing to the fact that Ralph has disclosed that his mother had regularly striking him with a walking stick. In this essay I volition savor on to consider the main practice issues raised by the scenario of the case study. apply the materials provided within the course along with my own headmaster experience, I will outline relevant enactment whilst demonstrating the signifi understructurece it has on the assessment and both subsequent intervention that whitethorn be required in the disposed(p) situation Section 1 of the Children coiffe 198 9 clearly states When a philander determines any question with respect to (a) the upbringing or a kid or (b) the administration of a peasants property or the application of any income arising from it, the childs benefit sh every be the judgeship of justices paramount reflection. s. 1(1) This reflects the sociable pull in schoolmasters peak concern. Bearing this in mind, as the social worker tough in this case study, I would initially requisite to identify whether any of the children elusive were at imminent venture of significant harm. The support and protection of children cannot be handd by a single agency. every service has to play its part. tout ensemble staff must have placed upon them the clear expectation that at that place primary responsibility is to the child and his or her family. (DH and Home Office, 2003, paras 17. 92-17. 93)The Children work 2004 obliges all agencies that come into contact working with children must share information and work togeth er to unspoiltguard the welfare of children. My primary task would be to say a safeguarding outline coming together. This would facilitate the sharing of information between professionals whilst overly determining the most appropriate course of action to take next. Those aid the meeting would include the area Child Protection Officer, an education professional (such as the appointed Child Protection t from each oneer), the police, a health professional (such as the school nurse) and the social worker.Other agencies may in any case be asked to attend such as the youth offending team or CAMHS (Children and adolescent mental health service). At the meeting, the professionals will discuss the beat response to the allegations and the extent of risk that is posed towards the three children involved. There are several different options that can be decided. After careful consideration and agreement, it might be the general consensus that no move on action is require and the case will be subsequently dropped.However with this case study in that location is an allegation of physical abuse which would suggest the family would be in essential of some kind of assistance, thus Ralph may be recognize as a child in need. Section 17 of the Children Act 1989 states a child is in need if he/she is un presumable to achieve or maintain a reasonable standard of health or development. s. 17 (a). Ralph has not been attending school regularly. Subsequently this will baksheesh to him falling behind and not developing educationally. Ralph has also started to drink inebriant and has also taken to staying out late, on one occasion not returning legal residence until the following day.This behaviour obviously poses a risk to his health nevertheless, it could also lead to a risk of significant harm. The wand to identify when a need becomes a risk can interpolate depending on the professional making that assessment. Choosing to bring professionals together to a strategy me eting will ensure that the threshold is one that is safe and appropriate. The allegation from Ralph about his mother hitting him with a stick which was hard enough to cause severe bruising is without doubt a concerning factor. The strategy meeting would need to assess whether Ralph and/or his siblings were children in need (s 17) or whether in that respect were rounds for a child protection enquiry. The Children Act 1989, percentage 47 states that the local anaesthetic Authority must analyse if it has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is despicable significant harm. This is also known as a section 47 enquiry. Ralph says he has been the victim of physical abuse and that this was a reoccurring act. As a social worker I would have to investigate this further. The questions I would wishing to find answers to would include Are Ralphs siblings at risk from experiencing similar physical abuse? Is Ralph at risk of pitiful from physical abuse if he returns home to his mother?I would also want to look further into the causes behind Ralphs truancy and why he has started to engage in anti-social behaviour. Could this be a result of a breakdown in his similarityship with his mother? Or are in that location problems with the home environment? When Ralph disclosed that his mother hit him with a stick, he said that he did not want anyone else to know. With this we encounter a strife of what Ralph wishes and the professional duty of the worker. When working with young people it is important to arrange sure that they are aware of and understand the agencys confidentiality policy.As a social worker I would explain to Ralph, within his direct of understanding, that I will have to record some of the information he shares with me. However if he shares information that suggests that himself or someone else could be at risk of harm then this information will have to be shared appropriately and if required acted upon. As the social worker involved with this case, I would want to carry out an assessment before Ralph returns home to his Mother. However, Ralph is in foster care voluntarily which means that his mother can return him home as she wishes.Under section 20 of the Children Act 1989, any somebody who has parental responsibility for a child may at any time remove the child from accommodation provided by or on behalf of the Local Authority under this section s. 20 (8) . Nonetheless, section 20 would be the most desirable option as it would be the least dictatorial way to accommodate the young person opus the assessment takes place. This would require cooperation from Kerry, Ralphs mother. I would visit Kerry and try to explain the situation and the concerns that I and the other professionals had. This is likely to have a evastating impact on Kerry so this must be done in a sensitive way. The local allowance is under obligation to work in partnership with the families of children in need or at risk. Sections 22 and 61 of the Children Act 1989 require local authorities and voluntary organisations to consult, where more or less possible, with the child and the parents before making any decision in coitus to the child (Block 3, p103). originally considering upholding Ralph in foster care, I would want to explore other options of residence. The case study does not mention Ralphs birth father or whether he currently has a kinship with him.This would need to be investigated. There may also be other relatives who might be in a position to look after(prenominal) Ralph, for example the possibility of living with Grandparents, Aunts and Uncles would be worth exploring. It may also be necessary to accommodate George and Dan while the assessment takes place. However, unlike Ralph, they appear to have a relationship with their father, surface-to-air missile. surface-to-air missile will have joint parental responsibility for George and Dan but as he is not the birth father for Ralph, he will not automatically have parental responsibility for him.However, he may line up parental responsibility by obtaining an erect from the court, or through a formal parental responsibility agreement with Kerry. Alternatively, surface-to-air missile could apply for a residence order which settles the arrangements to be made as to the person with whom a child lives. There are two categories of applicant, those who can apply as of right and those who require leave of court (CA 1989, s. 8). As Ralph lived with his mother and Sam for six years, Sam could apply as of right. With all this said, a further initial assessment would need to be done on Sam prior to Ralph taking up residence with his step-father.Furthermore, it is very unlikely that Ralph would want to live with Sam, devoted his feelings that are stated in the case study. As with the parents organism included in decision making in relation to the child, so must the child himself. As previously mentioned, the less oppressive option would be for Ralph to stay wi th a family member or to keep Ralph in his foster placement voluntarily. This would need to be with agreement from Kerry. However, in the event of Kerry not agreeing, there are other less approving options to consider.The local authority may apply to the court for a section 31 or section 38 orders under the Children Act 1989. A section 31 court order can be minded(p) on the grounds that the child involved is suffering or likely to suffer significant harm due to the care being given to him, or likely to be given to him, or the child being beyond parental control s. 31(2). In Ralphs case I feel if a court order was required to accommodate him, a Section 38 would be more appropriate. An Interim care order (S. 38) granted by the court will give the local authority a period of time, for up to eight weeks, to investigate the childs circumstances s. 8(4) and (5). This would allow time to carry out an assessment on the needs of the family to identify if it is safe for Ralph to return home and to assess if there are any services that the family require to assist with the breakdown of the relationship. Before issuing a section 31 or 38 court order, the court must take into account some factors. Taking the childs welfare as the paramount consideration, there should be a presumption that there is no order unless making one would be better for the child. This is also known as the no order regulation.Both of these court orders also require a welfare checklist. The welfare checklist considers a range of factors before discharging an order including The wishes of the child any physical, delirious and educational needs age, sex and any other characteristics that may be relevant any harm suffered or at risk of suffering and the capability of the parents at meeting the childs needs ACA 2002, s1 (40). As a social worker I will be endeavor to achieve the best possible outcomes for the children I work with.The white paper, Every Child Matters identifies five-spot areas of out come be health stay safe enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve stinting wellbeing. (DfES, 2004) To summarise my hypothetical involvement with this case study, as a social work professional working within social work legislation I would firstly take the welfare of the child or children as my primary consideration. When assessing the circumstances of the family and intervening in such a case, I would do so in a way that was anti-oppressive, which would mean utilise the least intrusive means of power available.It would require me to be non-judgemental, treating each individual with respect in line with article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights. I would ensure to work in a professional manner at all times, abiding by the GSCC legislation of practice (Codes of Practice, 2002). I would work closely with professionals, sharing information to those who need to know only. I would strive to achieve the best possible of the five outcomes for children and youn g people I would always adhere to lawful policies whilst continually reflecting and evaluating my own practice.

Culture and Substance Abuse

The juvenile justice and the adolescent manipulation carcasss ready miscellaneous gene linkages that can be looked at for presbyopic term sustainability. A linkage between various serving agencies is one of the most notable establishment linkages. As furthest as system linkages ar concerned, building verificatory coitusships is perpetually existent between the two. This has been through with(p) for an effective system to mark that there ar positive outcomes based on the correlation that exists (Antai-Otong, 2008, p. 17). thither is a mount of appropriate supervision to ensure that juveniles and adolescents ar transformed.This has been done by sharing information that can be used as time goes by to turn around both juveniles and adolescents. Cross system coordination has also existed as an important linkage that can be considerd for long term sustainability. To ensure that system linkages are effective, there are a lot of community coordination links. Facilities ar e also a system linkage between the juvenile justice and the adolescent training system. in that location is no difference between juveniles and adolescents and this means that the system is linked by programs that will involve e actuallybody (Copeman, 2003, p. 6). Another system linkage is research and serve that ensures that the necessarily of the juvenile justice and the adolescent training system are catered for. The legal system is also linked to ensure that cases are in effect dealt with. Question Two Treatment of substance abuse for juvenile offenders requires a lot of homework for efficiency. This means that there are a lot of clinical and programmatic issues that are involved in jutning for manipulation. Direct inquiries are made in relation to the treatment that will be offered to ensure that everything is well planned for.Design controlled clinical treatment is another typeface that is done in advance to ensure that juvenile offenders are tended to(p) to in specif ic reference to their problem. Everything needs to be designed from the etymon to ensure that there will be efficiency in treatment for juvenile offenders (Siegel, 2005, p. 19). An upward bound program is designed as far as clinical and programmatic issues are concerned to ensure that there is prim planning. Some of these aspects might include a counseling program that is always effective in ensuring that uveniles who have been abusing drugs are recovering well. Treatment planning is an issue that needs to be put into consideration with an aim of placing nifty guidelines that will guide the whole process. Before a placement plan is developed, there is need to do a behavioral observation on juveniles. This is because there might be some behavioral problems that might devote it impossible to achieve effective treatment (Rang, 2003, p. 34). Juvenile offenders are alleged(a) to be hosted in relation to their substance abuse needs and this is another issue as far as planning for tr eatment is concerned.Question Three Supportive programs and services are some of the factors that have been used to engage hard to reach adolescent populations. This is because some of these populations are always violent meaning that they are supposed to be approached cautiously. free counseling is a good approach to reach hard to notice adolescent populations (Sullivan, 2001, p. 47). This ensures that they are positively influenced without creating any problem in relation to their general well being and welfare.Identification of specific characteristics in a given population is another factor that has always been used to engage hard to reach adolescents. As a division of fact, identification of challenges is very important to ensure that a good program is designed for long term sustainability. Conclusion It is undeniable that drugs and substance abuse have gravel a very important element of youth culture as time goes by. In this case, the abuse of drugs has become a normal st yle among the youths thereby forming a culture amongst them.This means that drugs give youths an identity from the lodge who do not use drugs. All this withstanding, drugs will continue to turning an integral part in youth culture (Copeman, 2003, p. 31). This is because they consider it as a normal thing and aspect of their lives. As a matter of fact, young guys who attend parties consider drugs as a must have. in that respect are youths who are experimenting with drugs to fit in a given group and this could be because of peer pressure. This is what they consider as culture but it has once in a while led to substance abuse in the long run.

A Guide to Critical and Creative

Similar illness in one conjunction suggests that there must be a connection between the milieu and the illnesses. Acting on that hunch, I would conduct interviews with the families and people that are affected. every(prenominal) told ideas and procedures in this easy can be found in chapter 10. (Ruggiero, 2012). I would ask them when did the symptoms start and what their official diagnosis, if any, has their doctor gave them. The assumptions that the land itself has to be the semen of the contamination could hinder the investigation. To critic all in ally trust about the issue I will have to brainstorm some questions to be answered.What company or companies constrain the houses? Who was in charge of overseeing the building codes? What companies were the building materials bought from? Is this company future(a) all rules of the EPA? What industries are close by? What do they produce and what is their purlieual impact? At this time, I cannot assume that everyone will be loos e for interviews or share my passion for investigating the issue. I will delay in mind that some of the cultivation will be hear-say or secondhand info that may not be accurate.This type of information may assume to more interviews to check the credit of the information. I would do research at the library to check maps of the area before it was true. The greet house would have information about the land to look into also. nigh by communities that have been certain years earlier may correspond clues. I would ask around in those communities for a few booster cables on whom I may interview there. The symptoms and diagnosis of the people involved was the primary off clue as to what is the common denominator of this issue. Investigating the land before it was developed may lead to answers.This was the first assumption or hunch. The answers received from this musical composition of the investigation may not tot up to the symptoms that could arise from the recount of th e land before it was developed. The next investigation would involve the materials that the homes are make out of. Even if the same contractor did not build all the houses, I must find out if the contractors may have use a common supplier. wholly through the investigation, the symptoms and illness must determine the possible events. To critically conceptualize about the issue, all possibilities must be considered.It could be that two materials that by themselves are harmless, were apply together to get to a harmful environment. It is possible that the contractors may not want to talk about their practices concerning the development of this club. This would be the time to look for ex-employees to interview. I may face criticism for my efforts to find the campaign of the illnesses. The criticism may be very helpful to my investigation. No matter how much I think I am correct or perfect, there is always path for more information and improvement.I must take into consideration how my ideas match up with the information collected with both positive and negative feedback. Trying to make unnecessary face and convincing people that my ideas are correct are not important. My curiosity will lead me to ask questions that lead to answers that lead to more questions. I will fight the erg to become trapped by my preceding miscalculations. The facts in the case and the process of elimination will help lead the way. I must stay stretch to the possibilities that a earlier eliminated cause or idea may still have a section to play in solving the problem.Similar illness in one community suggests that there must be a connection between the environment and the illnesses. Acting on that hunch, I would conduct interviews with the families and people that are affected. All ideas and procedures in this easy can be found in chapter 10. (Ruggiero, 2012). I would ask them when did the symptoms start and what their official diagnosis, if any, has their doctor gave them. The assumptions that the land itself has to be the source of the contamination could hinder the investigation. To critically think about the issue I will have to brainstorm some questions to be answered.What company or companies built the houses? Who was in charge of overseeing the building codes? What companies were the building materials bought from? Is this company hobby all rules of the EPA? What industries are close by? What do they produce and what is their environmental impact? At this time, I cannot assume that everyone will be open for interviews or share my passion for investigating the issue. I will remain in mind that some of the information will be hear-say or secondhand information that may not be accurate.This type of information may lead to more interviews to check the source of the information. I would do research at the library to check maps of the area before it was developed. The cost house would have information about the land to look into also. fast by communit ies that have been developed years earlier may commit clues. I would ask around in those communities for a few leads on whom I may interview there. The symptoms and diagnosis of the people involved was the first clue as to what is the common denominator of this issue. Investigating the land before it was developed may lead to answers.This was the first assumption or hunch. The answers received from this set about of the investigation may not match up to the symptoms that could arise from the evince of the land before it was developed. The next investigation would involve the materials that the homes are built out of. Even if the same contractor did not build all the houses, I must find out if the contractors may have used a common supplier. All through the investigation, the symptoms and illness must match the possible causes. To critically think about the issue, all possibilities must be considered.It could be that two materials that by themselves are harmless, were used togethe r to create a harmful environment. It is possible that the contractors may not want to communicate about their practices concerning the development of this community. This would be the time to look for ex-employees to interview. I may face criticism for my efforts to find the cause of the illnesses. The criticism may be very helpful to my investigation. No matter how much I think I am correct or perfect, there is always get on for more information and improvement.I must take into consideration how my ideas match up with the information collected with both positive and negative feedback. Trying to carry through face and convincing people that my ideas are correct are not important. My curiosity will lead me to ask questions that lead to answers that lead to more questions. I will fight the erg to become trapped by my previous miscalculations. The facts in the case and the process of elimination will help lead the way. I must stay open to the possibilities that a previous eliminate d cause or idea may still have a agency to play in solving the problem.

The Life of Susan Brownell Anthony

She is a leader, an advocate, a reformist, an educational reformer, a labor activist, a seeker of justice, a battler of liberty, a crusader, a humanitarian, a rebel and most(prenominal) of all, a char of suffr while. Susan B. Anthony led the disembodied spirit of struggles as she pushed forth the rights of women as equal citizens, amidst the potential governing of men of her time. The Early Life Imagine a dour line of Green Mountains, rushing streams tumbling through rocky gorges, scenic meadows and forests, old bridges coupled with pleasantly old-fashioned invokehouses and road itinerarys.This picturesque panorama is where Susan B. Anthony was born, a second child and second eldest to Daniel and Susan Read Anthony of Adams, mum on February 15, 1820. She grew up in the loving and welcoming arms of her give and sky pilot. Although she lived in a somber and quiet home, theirs was a home make full with respect, affection and great comfort. Susan as a child is precocious, b rimming with password and life. At an early age of three she was taught to spell and read.She has great inspiration and does things that be considered beyond a girls capacity. Her father, one of her greatest influences was as a manager of a donkeyworking company and an emancipationist enthusiast at that time. At the age of 10, she was permitted by her kind and tender-hearted mother to accompany his father in his work and at the age of eleven was able to detect the injustice seen on women (Harper, 1969). She noniced a worker named cleft Ann who was exceptional in weaving not hike to a position of an overseer.A man named Elijah, who was the overseer at that time, kept waiver over to Sally Ann when dire situations come and in acetify Sally Ann always manages to deliver and correct the problems. And so when she asked her father why of all time Sally Ann neer got the position as an overseer, he replied that its because she was a fair sex, the dissatisfaction of Susan grew u p in a place filled with women. Most of the mills weavers were young girls and as custom, they reside with the millowner.Susan together with her mother took assist of these women and cooks and packs a dinner pail for them. Education was very important in their household. When the family moved to Battenville, there is an old fashioned district shallow taught by a man in winter and a woman in summer, and their views on teaching a girl lessons that were never insisted upon her such(prenominal) as Mathematics pushed her father to build a private school employed with the best instructors and totally admitted children willing to associate with his own.Girls were taught sewing, spelling as well as reading. Susan at the age of 15 became a teacher herself. This caused much debate from their neighbors for women are only employed or only work when situations are pressed upon them. In her time, womens values as equals were ignored and the right to vote where apt(p) to a chosen few, however this was not the case in their household and Susan never forgot the mark that incessantly in be quieted her to participation. Issues of slavery also intermingle, she once heard her father saying never to buy cotton raised by slavery.She joined meetings and conferences along with her father by the time she was old enough and thus began her quest for freedom (Lutz, 1959). The Susan B. Anthony as an Abolitionist Members of Susan Anthonys house during Sundays would meet at their farm where they were occasionally joined by Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. In 1956 she became an agent of American Anti-Slavery night club wherein shes active in conducting speeches and meetings. As a result she was mobbed, threatened. She was hung in effigy and her image was dragged around the streets.In 1963, together with her closest friend, Elizabeth Stanton that she met on 1951 created Womens depicted object Loyal League wherein they fought for the rights of Black women as full citizens by nub of being allowed to vote. They were bitterly disappointed when their petition didnt appear in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, however continued their campaign in her newspaper The mutation that she herself is the editor and publisher. An Educational Reformer At the age of 26, Susan Anthony was the mind of the girls department at Canajoharie Academy fro two age earning $110 a year.It was in 1953 that she called for a prescript in which blast the issues regarding better pay and positions for women. She reiterated that it should be so because men and womens minds are of no difference so better opportunities should also be given to women ad ex-slaves such as education and equal treatment. One of her most memorable exploits was during the 1890s, when she raised $50,000 to secure the admittance of women in the University of Rochester putting her life insurance policy in value to meet up the deadline.The tell University was forced to submit due to their promise and as a result, during 1900s women were admitted for the first time. As a Labor Activist In her paper, The Revolution she promoted the eight-hour day and equal pay for equal work which in turn promoted the purchasing of American-made goods and immigration in the South and resettle in the country. She encourage women to form unions that will secure their right as workers and spearheaded the Workingwomens Central familiarity in 1970. As a Temperance Worker Her family always condemned the tipsiness of liquor.Back when she was a head of the girls department, she joined the Daughter of Temperance, a movement that notifies the public of the effects of liquor on families and campaigned for a legality against it. There was a time when she had been refused to speak in a convention and in turn she walked out and held a convention of her own. Together with Elizabeth Stanton, she make another organization and fought their way to the creation of laws against liquors. A Woman Suffragist and a Campaigner Anthony believed that in order for men and women to become equal, a unavoidableness for women to be allowed to vote should be in order.It symbolizes the capacity for women to decide and at the same time be acknowledged of their worthiness. It was the onset of voting in 1872 that she defiantly casted her ballot in the presidential elections and was arrested because of it. In turn she denied that it wasnt a crime and refused to pay for the penalty. She argued that she was merely exercising her right as a citizen of the country and recited the preamble of the federal constitution wherein she stressed that the citizens of the country, not white men or male men forms the union.It was in February 15, 1906, at the age of 86, Susan B. Anthony died. Ten thousand mourners grieved for her. In her later years she had extensively traveled the world seeking for woman empowerment. She was able to organize 48 countries with the same cause. It was 100 years after her birthday that 19th a mendment was passed on, extending the rights of women to vote. A Conclusion In the end, it is safe to say that Susan B. Anthony is truly a woman ahead of her time. She might have lived a life full of struggles unless she had lived on to the fullest.She had fought her way against the system in order to right what she thinks is an injustice. In the end, she is truly a hero and a martyr that maybe in one way or another, had not been not much assign upon. She is a symbol of truth and a mother of all women. She represents the women of nowadays that now know how to fight for their rights. She had gone a long way but in the end, she fought hard and won hard. Her legend lives on as women continue to uphold their worth as women in the society, amidst the onslaught of injustices and oppression.The fight still continues as long as there are still those who suffer. References An Account of the Proceedings of the Trial of Anthony, on teh Charge of Illegal voting, at the Presidential Election in November, 1872. Rochester Daily Democrat and Chronicle concur Print, 1872. reissueed 2002 by The Lawbook Exchange Limited. Biography of Susan B. Anthony. Retrieved January 18, 2008 from http//www. susanbanthonyhouse. org/biography. s hypertext mark-up language Harper, Ida Husted. (1969) Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony. New YorkL Arno, 1969. NOTES Reprint of ten 1898-1908 ed.Holland, Patricia G. Susan B. Anthony. Microsoft Encarta 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2006. Linder. Doug (2001). The Trial of Susan B. Anthony for Illegal Voting. Retrieved January 18 2008 from http//www. law. umkc. edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/anthony/sbaaccount. html Lutz, A. (1959). Susan B. Anthony Rebel, Crusader, Humanitarian. Zenger Publishing Co. Inc. Washington D. C. Susan B. Anthony. (2006). American Atheist. Retrieved January 18, 2008 from http//www. atheists. org/Atheism/roots/anthony/

Sci207: Vocational Issues with Copd

Social Implications for Patients with COPD SCI207 Social Implications of health check Issues heroic 1, 2011 Social Implications for Patients with COPD CASE 1 Mr. L. , a 55- course of study-old bartender in a large metropolitan atomic number 18a, has been a overweight smoker for 40 years. He was diagnosed as having COPD 7 years ago. Mr. L. lives in the city and takes the city bus to work, although he still has to walk well-nigh three blocks to the bar where he works. He has found it increasingly surd to walk the three blocks without stopping to rest at frequent intervals. At work, his manager has excessively expressed concern about the effect Mr.L. s continuous coughing has on customers. (p. 440). According to the National Center for ergonomics Information (NCBI), smoking is the leading cause of chronic preventative pneumonic Disease (COPD), and it is considered one of the most ordinary lung diseases kn avouch. COPD is a diagnostic depot used to describe a group of conditio ns that ar characterized by respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea (shortness of breath), cough, sputum production, limitation of air flow, and continuing inflammation of the lungs. (Falvo, 2008, p. 420). Often, people throw both.On the flip side, on that point are also the rare cases of nonsmokers who lack a protein cal guide alpha-1 antitrypsin that screwing develop into emphysema. The endless a person smokes, the likelihood of developing COPD is high but there are some who are exceptionally fortunate who do non contract this disease as a moment of routine, long circumstance smoking. This paper go forth examine the causes, the symptoms and complications and what the fond implications of having COPD that can affect an several(prenominal) in an adverse way using the above case tuition as the example. It is known that Mr. L. began smoking at fifteen years of age.At age 48, he was diagnosed with COPD yet still continues to smoke. Let us impinge on that Mr. L. has had a n ice physique given to him from good genetics quite an than regular visits to the gym. Let us also assume that he is a New Yorker and has lived there all of his life. Because the city is so large, there is also automobile traffic that never ceases at any hour daytime or night which produces high amounts of carcinogens into the air. There are still manufacturing buildings that also produce pollutants such as exposure to gases or fumes as well as tens of thousands of smokers who release second hand smoke into the environment. sum up barbeques and smoke pits or poor ventilation in a smoking bar into the mix and one is exposed to heavy amounts of carcinogenic pollutants each single day. This kind of long term exposure can place to some of the causes that may be factored in as to why he was diagnosed with COPD. Mr. L. has been told by his physician that he involve to quit smoking and cacography a regular exercise routine on with the prescribed medication to make his conditions m anageable and bearable. Because Mr. L. as smoked for 40 years and lived in an urban environment with long term exposure to pollutants along with his own habit, he began to nonice a smokers cough or excessive mucus that is lingering much weeklong than a common cold. He notices that he begins to wheeze and gets fatigued when simply walking a few blocks from his bus stop to work or home. Once at work or home, he may realize that he has a hard time catching his breath (dyspnea) with any mild exercise such as changing out a keg, moving a case of beer or carrying out the garbage.Hes given up going to the gym as it wears him out to easily and is embarrassing to him because he wheezes and coughs too often and doesnt want to be the subject of poke fun from younger, healthy people. He has noticed more lines on his face from not only age, but the smoking has aged him even faster. His teeth are yellowed from nicotine as well as his index and middle fingers from where he holds his cigarettes . New York has passed a non-smoking law for all public places as of the year 2000 and where there were once many smokers, it seems that more have quit than smoke.His assistants have been verbal about his coughing near their beverages or how they have to continue on him as he runs out back to catch a quick smoke, and he does this quite often because he is a 2 pack a day smoker. They complain that his breath and clothing tang of stale cigarettes even though he tries to cover it with breath fresheners and cologne. The patrons regularly harass him on his choice to smoke and chafe him to quit which annoys him and makes him irritable. Smoking which at one time made him realise cool, has now made him a pariah in most social circles as well as the blade attached to his habit and symptoms.They take to task him and say that he will become one of those people who will have to carry an oxygen tank around with him. Johnson, Campbell, Bowers and Nichol assert that flaw is a social constru ction that defines people in terms of a distinguishing characteristic or mark, and devalues them as a consequence. Their article progress reports that, a study involving 27 women and men living with COPD reported that respondents repeatedly described a sense of stigmatization that was a direct result of using supplemental oxygen around other people and which led to feelings of embarrassment and social isolation. (2007). Since there is no cure for COPD, clearly the fast-breaking way to retard lung damage for Mr. L. before he absolutely needs the oxygen tank is to stop smoking. Taking his prescribed medications can do by many of the symptoms such as the wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath. He can increase the amount of time walking to build up strength. The stigma of smoking will then change to encouragement from his patrons to see supremacy in his effort to quit. His breath will not be so offensive nor will his clothes smell of cigarettes.His nails will begin to omit the yellow discoloration and he can whiten his teeth so that he can feel better about his physical looks along with his self pride can be restored by committing to quit. No longer will he feel dismay, embarrassment or be peeved because of the stigma attached to a smoker that displays the outward symptoms of his disease. Mr. L. s consentient outlook and attitude will change by simply big(p) up a horrible habit that can destroy not only his health, but others as well. References Falvo, D. R. (2008). Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability. 4th ed. ). Sudbury Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Johnson, J. L. , Campbell, A. C. , Bowers, M. & Nichol, A. (2007). Understanding the Social Consequences of Chronic Obstructive Pulminary Disease The Effects of Stigma and Gender. The Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. Retrieved August 1, 2011 from http//pats. atsjournals. org/cgi/content/full/4/8/680otherarticles The National Center for ergonomics Information Web site provides information on COPD http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001153/