Problem Oriented Policing Pros and Cons

Problem Oriented Policing Pros and ConsProblem Oriented PolicingWhat, exactly, is task orientated policing? critically discuss its potential benefits.Policing in the UK and many a nonher(prenominal) countries play an extremely vital part in help oneselfing to turn off opposite forms of execration. The patrol have a major impact on what becomes defined as a disgust, which offences be prioritized, and which sections of the corporation ar portrayed as breakneck or troublesome. (Waddington, 2000156). on that point are a number of different liftes to reducing offensive activity however my briny concentre throughout this test depart be on problem orient policing. Problem orientated policing has its advantages as well as disadvantages in celebrateing evil. In this essay I entrust discuss whether problem point policing has potential benefits in mold to pr stock-stillt evil in society.Police in the UK today is seen as a civil service that helps to turn and tackle the problem of crime. The practice of law are faced with many problems everyday and do their best to locoweed with it within the restrictions of law, in that location are a number of different policing strategies employ to tackle and disallow the problem of crime. Policing is a social institution which involves maintenance, peacekeeping, crime investigation, prevention and the rule of law en advertizement which involves having a certain amount of business office to serve their purpose (Jones and Newburn, 1998).To understand the current posture of policing it is essential to see at the background and history how crime was reduced in the retiring(a) and what changes have been make in order to help reduce and prevent crime today. Although policing has some inwardness features globally (Bayley, 1985 Mawby, 1999 Waddington, 1999a 3-4), the exact forms that it takes vary widely, even within particular localities.Modern British policing, for grammatical case, with its omnibus role incorporating crime prevention, detection, peacekeeping, public order maintenance and the preservation of assert security (Reiner, 1994a755) emerges from several(prenominal) very different historical strands. The occupation of patrolling to prevent crime and hook offenders emerged from the functions of the medieval constable and watchmen, while riot control emerged from the role of armament in suppressing disorderly crowds (Rawlings, 2002 Vogler, 1991). These differing traditions, and the ideologies and practices they have given break up to, represent unvarying tensions in policing. criminal offence in the past was not as a spacious deal as it is in todays society. There have been a lot of social changes as a impression the focusing in which the state was controlled differed as on that point werent a lot of opportunities to commit crimes in the past. In todays society, there are many different forms of policing as there are a number of different offences that subscri be to to be dealt with in a various way.In 1829 Sir Robert Peel established one of the well recognized policing systems which were the metropolitan patrol. People hoped that the political system would improve aspects of society because in the nineteenth century, crime rates were increasing and the class office and government call for to act rapidly upon this problem or things would get worse.Also there is a criticism of the role of policing as it is provided concerned with crime and the enforcement of law which has restrictions and limits only to a certain extent to prevent crime (Goldstein, 1979). Goldstein argued that a new strategy look ated to be developed as most crimes are in the same place and committed by the same individuals. Developing new strategies for preventing crime came about because of social, cultural, economic changes and harvest- metre of the state over the classs. The criminal jurist system as an woo on its own didnt seem to have a great deal of an effe ct in controlling crime as it was made up of prosecuting, sentencing and punishing those who had offended.As a result when addressing the problem of crime, it was seen as a suitable way to use an additional approach on base the criminal justice system which in this case is problem point policing ( democratic). In the 1980s a new idea was introduced to the constabulary in order to reinforce primary crime prevention. This idea was called problem-oriented policing ( start), which was developed in America by Herman Goldstein (Goldstein, 1979 1990) its purpose was to seek the main road of the crime and analyse it in order to understand why the crime had happened. pour down became a success in the UK and North America. (Pease, 1997).It involves rank and bear down officers becoming pro-active in resolving root causes of re clearring problems in relation to the pillow slip of offender, localities and victims (Tilley, 1996). Problem oriented policing is a type of pro-active policing strategy and has become increasingly influential in the UK and addresses problems systematically in an ongoing process.The development of POP was based on perception that demands placed upon the jurisprudence service meant that linchpin issues of connection to the community were often neglected (Tiley, 2003318) thus the active affaire of the community and external agencies is often vital to the identification of problems and the development of strategies to solve them (Leigh, Reid and Tilley, 19965).Crime prevention in Britain has constantly been seen as being the profession of the law. The British crime survey in 1982 showed that crime was four times higher than law had recorded it. (Walklate, 1996.) And much recently Barclay, (1995) found that only 3% of government expenditure on crime and criminal justice matters was spent on crime prevention. (Pease, 1997.) This showed that that the police alone could not armed combat such a level of crime.The basic premise of POP is that the core of policing should be to deal effectively with underlying police-recurrent problems rather than simply to oppose to incidents calling for attention one by one as they occur (Bullock and Tilley, 20031). This approach places the application of scientific methods at the heart of policing (Ekbolm, 2002 Bullock and Tilley, 2003 5-6 earth-closet and Maguire, 200338) and involves identifying and analysing recurrent problems interrogating their underlying sources finding some points of intervention that provide stave off ca utilize and risk factors Implementing the initiatives that have been devised, evaluating the success of initiatives put forward to respond to place problems.An example of this would be in Clarke and Goldstein, 2002, which was a study done on a construction site that concerned theft. The crime was understood to be easy access to valuable products being available where the site was severely safe carryed. With police assessment and kip downledge of the problem, the construction site followed guidelines and some procedures where the police monitored compliance in order for it to be tracked.The results showed that the reaction the police got was boffo as the analytic thinking focused on understanding the circumstances that caused the problem to occur in the first place. In this sense it could be seen as a successful way to help prevent crime as no power was used, no arrests were made and it solved the problem quickly and effectively saving the police and company time and money.This is a successful way to monitor how different companies can protect themselves by doing a straightforward task such as getting appropriate equipment to guard property such as alarms, and then offenders testament think doubly before wanting to carry out a crime if the fortune is not there.Problem oriented policing also engages in problem summary triangle (PAT) and scanning, analysis, response and assessment (SARA). In a two year question puke cond ucted in Leicestershire, there was training based on PAT and SARA which provided officers with knowledge of what the job involves. This was an experiment which complicated tackling specific problems. The research project makes use of the strategies by identifying a problem, using knowledge and info to look further into the problems and causes of crime.It also teaches officers how to respond in an effective way by snuff iting with the community to assess if the solutions worked and what has been learnt. Problem oriented policing has kaput(p) further by being introduced in Thames Valley policing in 1997, Merseyside and otherwise police forces. This shows that the approach used is a wide geographical spread, eagle-eyed term prevention program that is successful in tackling the underlying causes of problems.This project builds an idea how it would be successful to deal with problems and help prevent crime by working together and finding a solution that will prevent problems. It al so shows how PAT and SARA is used to prevent crime and solving community problems. Problem oriented policing is therefore examining patterns of crime to identify and prevent underlying problems within the community. Oriented policing has shown to of had a great impact on the United States and is becoming more than influential in the UK.The government and home office have implemented and introduced several different laws and agencies to help reduce crime. However, it is open to discussion to say what it is regarding problem oriented policing that has made it more significant in the UK and does it work? There are many merits as well as drawbacks to the benefits of problem orientated policing.There are a number of benefits of problem oriented policing, these include Decentralisation, POP attempts to move the focus of police decision making away from managers and towards front-line officers who are in a better position to understand the causes and possible solutions for problems( John and Maguire,200365). It has been argued that officers must know the underlying issues locally, be in contact with the community, have information to help understand the nature of the problems that generate clusters of incident, be supported by older offices in attempting to solve problems imaginatively and tailor problem-solving to emerging local issues (Jordan, 199873).This should enable police resources to become more directly related to community removes. Enhances the locating of neighbourhood officers, POP envisages a significant role for local police officers whose status in the police service are presumable to rise (Blair, 2005). A shift away from law enforcement, POP involves activities to solve crime-related issues which are undertaken by agencies other than the police and by local communities an example of this is the burglary reducing initiative on a large housing estate in Stockport. (Bratby, 1999 28-9). Emphasises the importance of intelligence to police work, POP pla ces considerable emphasis on the gathering and analysis of intelligence as the basis of societys response to crime. The emphasis is on eliminating problems in the future as contrary to reacting to past incidents (Joyce, 2006130).However a drawback of this point is it could be argued that the scanning and analysis of the data collected may not be accurate as it is community biased so is the data collected true and who is benefiting from the work carried out. It could be looked at in a sense that the community need to help themselves address issues as well as with the help of the police. For example when addressing the trouble of gang activities, the community need to get involved by disciplining their children and if gangs are making a nuisance of themselves then the community need to tackle this problem together.Even though there is optimistic perspectives in the benefits of problem oriented policing. Problem oriented policing has changed the work of some police forces so it makes it easier to refer to other cases and they have knowledge of what is going on. Officers will find it easier to respond to problems and know what they are dealing with so that the main cause of the problem is solved, reducing the risk of it happening again. It is obvious to state that the police must work with the community to know what issues must be addressed, however, how much are people in the community willing to participate.It has been seen that give in applying a problem-oriented approach to policing was patchy (HMIC, 1998) and many were identified as being a long way off from implementing it fully (HMIC, 2000). The dry land for the relatively slow progress includes The need to respond to incidents, much police work is demand led, having to respond to calls for help made by members of the popular public, Complexity, considerable social skills are required in society with problem identification, the analysis of their causes and the evaluation of the strategies to respond t o these issues.These skills are not promptly found within the police service, these activities are time consuming. (Goldsteing, 2003 Matassa and Newburn, 2003213). It has been argued that POP is interpreted and implemented in too many ways to endure any firm conclusion (Stockdale and Whitehead, 2003244) it has been further argued that the assessment of outcomes in pecuniary terms is insufficiently developed to be able to assess whether POP is cost effective Stockdale and Whitehead, 2003249).It can also be argued that problem oriented policing deals with minor incidents such as theft and ignores other major problems. By focusing on such a minor problem is not going to be benefiting the community as there are other crimes that need to be addressed and the police will sooner or later deal with the problem by enforcement.A small amount of attention is paid to the oriented policing approach in dealing with problems it is likely that with policing they tend to naturally think enforcemen t. Oriented policing is interpreted and implemented in a number of ways it is difficult to implement it. Also officers may not take the approach seriously due to the hassle of paperwork and spare-time activity that procedure sometimes does not fit in with the police forces turn of events so there is the drawback of the approach not being used.Culture is other drawback within the police force as most officers have the tenet that crime can only be solved if actual force is used. If officers are following this belief then no problems will get solved because the origin cause will not be solved, offenders will keep committing the same offence and officers will take action by using enforcement.It is clear to see that problem oriented policing has its drawbacks but this is the situation with most crime prevention strategies. Every strategy that has been implemented will always have its pros and cons. Research shows that this approach would work if it was encouraged more and used more e ffectively within the day to day single-valued function of the officers. The police forces find it straightforward and easy to use enforcement.Other strategies involved in reducing crime, such as intelligent led policing and community policing. They work in a different way compared to problem oriented policing. Even though these three models are pro-active strategies there job roles cannot be correlated to work collectively as they have different representation and different functions.The proactive approach has an impact on crime reducing as it produces a compelling solution and reduces the underlying causes of crime without being too reactive. There are a number of factors that make up problem oriented policing and it has a lot of benefits. The benefits of problem oriented policing are clear to see that it involves a better served public, convenient demands on the police because underlying problems are solved such as reducing double over emergency calls and officers with greater job satisfaction from being successful in meeting the communities objectives.Overall it seems that Goldsteins approach was not successfully used as it was planned. The main reason being the police force are involved in tackling the cause of problems but there is no time for it as police forces are so complex. The objectives of policing are set comprehensive and there are no serious circumstances of implementing problem oriented policing, I have outlined many advantages and disadvantages to this approach throughout this essay, and it seems to show that the benefits are lower than the disadvantages of this approach for this approach many things do need to change also other agencies need to be involved as it cannot solely be up to just the police force to affair the problem of crime. On the whole, problem oriented policing has its implications but it has delivered some benefits and the approach is still undertaken today so to a degree it is beneficial to the community in some way.Re ferencing listGoldstein, H. (1990) Problem-Oriented Policing, New York McGraw-HillJoyce, P. (2006) Criminal Justice, An Introduction To Crime and The Criminal Justice System. Chapter 3 (page119) Policing methods, structure and organisationLecture 7 Handout, Proactive/Problem Oriented/Zero-Tolerance PolicingMaguire Mike, Morgan Rod and Reiner Robert, 2002, The Oxford enchiridion of Criminology, chapter 26, Crime Reduction.Newburn, T. (2003) Handbook of Policing, Cullompton WillanTilley, N. (2005) Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Cullompton WillanWalklate, S. (Ed. By McLaughlin Muncie) (1996) Controlling Crime. capital of the United Kingdom Sage.