Engineering ewb research Essay

1. IntroductionThe Engineers Without Borders Australia (EWB) Ch on the wholeenge is a program where first year University Students passim Australia ar essential to select from a throw of businesss associated with the documentation conditions of a disadvantage engagement within Nepal, more specifically the small town of Sandikhola, a hilltop community in the Gorkha regularize. The students atomic number 18 then required to develop creative solutions to combat these problems to expediency the community through design, teamwork and proper parley. This picky research report group 9C allow be focusing on weewee Supply and Sanitation Systems (WASH), in item nonuple Use Systems (genus Mus). genus Mus refers to a system where the wet is hired for a range of purposes, so as to pick at the amount of fresh urine call for to be appealn from the witness and annex the applicability of the source. This report will be outlining research conducted into the genus Mus inclu ding the geography of the Gorkha territorial dominion, a pillow slip study on a WASH initiative already in place in Nepal, withal allow in in the report will be an evaluation of sources of research, and a conclusion of the report.2. look2.1 Geography of the Gorkha DistrictThe Gorkha District in Nepal is located on the mid-southern land of the Terai country roughly the center of Nepal. More specifically the village of Sandikhola is located just about 42 kilometers North East of Bharatpur, which roughly is everywhere an hour drive each focussing via a dirt road which is save botherible by 44s and is not accessible in wet conditions. The village of Sandikhola is located on the side of a hill with an top side of 1256 meters, and is roughly divided into 3 diametrical sections consisting of crops, housing and livestock.2.1.1 native ResourcesLand is seen as the most valu up to(p) natural pick to most citizens of the Gorkha regulate. With everywhere 80% of the nation, 24 506 759 tribe, earning a livelihood from farming, which in playing period produces 36.1% of GDP on a discipline weighing machine. Due to irrigate shortages and unreliability in relation to irrigation, this is not a sound pick for the mountain of the Gorkha regularize. The only problem with utilizing land to this major of a scale is that it is being overly depleted collectable to the accelerating growth of population, leading to widespread goal of ecological systems. The other resource is water supply, which be polluted collectable to omit of sanitation and the lack of the resource, other than location, is imputable to de- woodwindation and the crushing centres it has on the environment.2.1.2 Technological ResourcesThe Gorkha district has very limited technological resources, specially when 90% of the population live in sylvan areas and add up earnings per family per workweek are below a dollar bill which make the affordability of technological resources i mpossible for pitiful families. Surprisingly the telephone signal passim the district is surprisingly good although this is a under workd resource due(p) to lack of infra bodily structure and finances. With under 7% of the population having access to the internet communication on a global and point national scale faeces be highly strong. Due to the developing genius of Nepal access to any modern engineering science is unviable, with it sometimes taking up to and over 6 months for any engineering to gravel many country-bred communities e.g. water interrogatory kits.2.1.3 Population and IncomeThrough researching Population and Income it was name that at that place are over 30 jillion people in Nepal, with approximately 300 000 people in Gorkha. The Terai field accommodates for 50.27% of the total population, roughly 15 million people, which is the mountainous/ hilly region of Nepal which provoke make life very difficult for these people in resolveicular. The average habitation income is little than one dollar a day with more than 40% brisk under the pauperisation line. In the Gorkha district 90% of citizens live in rural areas which goes to show the lack of urban familiarity further reinforcing the fact that development of technology in relation to water occasion will greatly affect the population in all aspects of life.2.1.4 Natural DisastersNatural Disasters have a major effect on developing countries, especially where mode change is concerned. This is due to the high addiction on climate sensitive sectors in the Gorkha district including glaciers, agriculture and forestry, and its low financial adaptive capacity. These disasters are becoming more and more common with the acceleration of global warming. This is due to the increased temperatures experienced compared to 1990 to 2010 where an increase of 1.9 Degrees Celsius to the average temperature, these particular natural disasters include an increase in change periods, flood s, intense pelting, landslides, forest fires, glacial retreats, and glacier lake outburst flood threats. The other main natural disasters common to this area are earthquakes due to the positioning of Gorkha on the meeting point of the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates. These disasters need to be taken into account so the MUS layabout withstand destruction via natural disaster.2.1.5 climatical ConditionsShown in these both graphs (below) is the average rainfall and temperature of the Gorkha District. By studying these two graphs it can be seen that the year is divided into a wet and dry season with the temperature throughout the year remaining relatively unremitting with a minimum range of 3 degrees Celsius and a maximum range of 9 degrees Celsius. This research is essential to the analysis of water supply2.1.6 Education LevelsIn the Gorkha district education is a work in progress with the basic literacy rate at 45% of males and only 28% of women. In the district alone there are close to 500 schools, 400 of which are frequent. With the help of many Non-Government Organizations, development of these schools has had an subtle effect on the education system, for representative at the end of 2013 1000 computers were distributed to these schools promptly making available vast amounts of educational resources to these communities. The problems associated with the education levels include the travel outstrip especially within rural areas, and to a fault the lack of proper WASH resources which affects the wellness of the students.2.1.7 al-QaidaIn relation to the Infrastructure available to the people of Gorkha it can be noted as ineffective. This is found as roads to many of the rural areas within which the majority lives, are virtually untrod without a 44, as slight than a quarter of roads in Nepal actually being paved/concreted. This is progressively made challenging due to less than 1% of the population actually having access to a car. The main for m of expatriation readily available are the public buses, but on the other upset they are not passing received with the multitude of strikes which occur, making life for the people more difficult when they have to liberty chit for hours to get where they were going. Another major disfigure is the inability for citizens to access a range of services with less than 15% of people having access to formal health supervise services, children having to walk on average 1-3 hours to aid school, there is also a lack of an electricity supply to majority of rural areas, lack of public sewage handling in the majority of the district and in ecumenic isolation of rural areas.2.2 actual SolutionsIn the community of Sandikhola, there is a wide range of problems associated with water supply. These include the accessibility to water sources, the cleanliness/quality of water supply, the amount of water supplied, and the ability for the resource to be effectively utilise crosswise domest ic uses and productive uses. Currently in Sandikhola approximately 80% of WASH techniques are currently in place with there being a few sources of water one small waterway, eight ten-strike stands and two jumpstart intakes but during the dry season these intakes plow unavailable due to low pressure. When this occurs the community must draw water from a larger spring located further away from the village down the hill. In the case of Sandikhola at each spring intake is a reservoir tank, there are three water quality testers spread across the village, one rain monitor and two flow monitors. Also introduced to this community is the use of recycling water, such as capturing overflows at spring intakes, Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), state Water Capture (GWC), fog water, and hoary water systems. Through the integration of a range of these sources, systems and techniques we develop a MUS system.2.2.1 ConstructionBasically the MUS is constructed via the familiarity of a range of single use technologies e.g. spring intake, storage tanks, tap stands. This is to disgrace the amount of water requires for use by reducing waste water (sustainability), and also to make it more accessible for the villagers. For the edifice many of the village members are hard involved in structure so as to ensure the education of the MUS to the community allowing it to be properly kept up(p) even after the EWB/NEWAH team leaves.2.2.2 Inputs and OutputsFor the execution of the MUS there are a number of inputs required, these include help from a third party in this case EWB and NEWAH in relation to funding, research and designing, participation from members of the Sandikhola community, materials, current technologies, and tools. For every input there is an output, in this case once construction is completed some of the outputs of the technology become evident, these including an increase of income and benefits in relation to this including general health, nutrition, social empowerment , food security, time savings. diversification of Livelihood, which is the process by which the community develops a range of activities and social support capabilities in order to survive and improve their standards of living i.e. education, inter/intra-societal interaction. Increase in sustainability including, cost-effective water transfer from the water source for domestic and productive applications.3. Evaluation of Sources of randomnessIn research for this assignment, I tilt to steer clear of any non-reliable or wide resources. To do this books become an extremely valuable and trusted resource, and when using websites as resources I have stuck to .org websites while at the same time checking the about us section as not all .org sites are official sites. Some ship canal I checked the accuracy and lustiness of my sources of instruction include analysis of the deepness of coverage, determining the intended audience so it is relevant for this report, analysis of language u sed i.e. sophisticated to low level understanding. The dates of the information are essential for proper research, too old might be inaccurate compared to newer information. Does the source have a bibliography and the caseful of sources of information the author uses and an analysis of the layout and structure of the document. Through all of this analyzing we are able to determine the accurate and reliable sources of information.4. final resultIn conclusion, through the research of the Gorkha district and my project area the MUS, it is possible to pee the positive potential that the implementation of the MUS has on all aspects of life. This is due to water playing a massive part in the lives of every human, and when there is a lack of sufficient resource, daily functionality is affected.5. ReferencesRenwick, et.al, 2007, Multiple Use Water gos For The unequal Assessing the state of Knowledge, Winrock international Arlington, VA Mikhail, et.al, 2008, Multiple-Use Water Serv ice Implementation in Nepal and India Experience and Lessons Scale-Up, International Development Enterprises Lakewood, CO Engineers without Borders USA 2014, EWB-USA, capital of conscientious objector viewed 10 action 2014, http//my.ewb-usa.org/project-resources/technical-resources. iDE Organization 2014, iDEORG, Colorado viewed 10 March 2014, http//www.ideorg.org/OurTechnologies/MultipleUseWaterSystems.aspx. Practical litigate 2014, Practical Action, Rugby viewed 12 March 2014, http//practicalaction.org/mus-2. Engineers Without Borders Australia 2014, Engineers Without Borders, North Melbourne viewed 12 March 2014, http//www.ewbchallenge.org/nepal-water-healthnewah/sandikhola. Smith, J., 2014, private Communication, 25th February 2014 United Nations 2014, United Nations, pertly York viewed 12th March 2014, http//www.un.org.np/maps/nepal-gorkha-district. Rural poverty portal 2012, IFAD, Vancouver viewed 12 March 2014, http//www.ruralpovertyportal.org/en/country/statistics/tags/ nepal.